Assess magnitude of benefit for radiation after breast conserving surgery.

Learn underlying basic science and practical clinical management of insomnia evaluation.

Diagnostic testing and treatment are determined based on ability to improve disease process or quality of life/goals of care.

An approach to diagnoses of geriatric patients who have suspected NPH.

How to manage patients once it is determined they have low vision.

Review systemic effects of ocular medications for glaucoma and pupillary dilation.

Learn practical interpretations of echocardiographic changes.

Review frequent impairment and complications of acute stroke.

In 2017, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the John A Hartford Foundation (JAHF), the American Hospital Association (AHA) and the Catholic Health Association (CHA) of the United States attempted to address the development of age-friendly health systems using a clinical framework to improve the  complex care of older adults.

These organizations defined and operationalized age-friendly care following the guidelines of beneficence, evidence-based medicine, and patient/family aligned goals and concerns.  The 4M Framework was the result: What Matters Most, Mentation, Mobility, and Medication.
 

Health literacy refers to an individual’s ability to understand his or her health and effectively navigate the health care system.  An older patient with low health literacy might present with repeated provider visits or phone calls, misunderstanding of, or non-adherence to, their medication plan, or exacerbations of chronic illness. 

Guardianship is the court appointment of legal authority over the person and property of another individual, called the ward. Consultation with an attorney or bioethicist is advised for individual patient cases.